Answer First
Primary Text
Provisions of this Code which attach a civil
sanction or penalty or a deprivation of rights to acts or
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omissions which were not penalized by the former laws,
are not applicable to those who, when said laws were in
force, may have executed the act or incurred in the
omission forbidden or condemned by this Code.
If the fault is also punished by the previous legislation, the
less severe sanction shall be applied.
If a continuous or repeated act or omission was
commenced before the beginning of the effectivity of this
Code, and the same subsists or is maintained or repeated
after this body of laws has become operative, the
sanction or penalty prescribed in this Code shall be
applied, even though the previous laws may not have
provided any sanction or penalty therefor. (Rule 3a)
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Definitions and exceptions often appear before or after this text.
Court decisions may interpret, limit, or apply this provision.
Confirm amendment, repeal, effectivity, and official publication.
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