Article 32Human Relations (n)

Any public officer or employee, or any private

individual, who directly or indirectly obstructs, defeats,

violates or in any manner impedes or impairs any of the

following rights and liberties of another person shall be

liable to the latter for damages:

(1) Freedom of religion;

(2) Freedom of speech;

(3) Freedom to write for the press or to maintain a

periodical publication;

(4) Freedom from arbitrary or illegal detention;

(5) Freedom of suffrage;

(6) The right against deprivation of property without due

process of law;

(7) The right to a just compensation when private

property is taken for public use;

(8) The right to the equal protection of the laws;

(9) The right to be secure in one's person, house, papers,

and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures;

(10) The liberty of abode and of changing the same;

(11) The privacy of communication and correspondence;

(12) The right to become a member of associations or

societies for purposes not contrary to law;

(13) The right to take part in a peaceable assembly to

petition the Government for redress of grievances;

(14) The right to be a free from involuntary servitude in

any form;

(15) The right of the accused against excessive bail;

(16) The right of the accused to be heard by himself and

counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the

accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial,

to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have

compulsory process to secure the attendance of witness

in his behalf;

(17) Freedom from being compelled to be a witness

against one's self, or from being forced to confess guilt, or

from being induced by a promise of immunity or reward

to make such confession, except when the person

confessing becomes a State witness;

(18) Freedom from excessive fines, or cruel and unusual

punishment, unless the same is imposed or inflicted in

accordance with a statute which has not been judicially

declared unconstitutional; and

(19) Freedom of access to the courts.

In any of the cases referred to in this article, whether or

not the defendant's act or omission constitutes a criminal

offense, the aggrieved party has a right to commence an

entirely separate and distinct civil action for damages,

and for other relief. Such civil action shall proceed

independently of any criminal prosecution (if the latter be

instituted), and may be proved by a preponderance of

evidence.

The indemnity shall include moral damages. Exemplary

damages may also be adjudicated.

The responsibility herein set forth is not demandable

from a judge unless his act or omission constitutes a

violation of the Penal Code or other penal statute.