Section 78p. 78

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW COMPENDIUM VOLUME I

(b) The development of respect for human rights and

fundamental freedoms, and for the principles enshrined

in the Charter of the United Nations;

(c) The development of respect for the child's parents, his

or her own cultural identity, language and values, for the

national values of the country in which the child is living,

the country from which he or she may originate, and for

civilizations different from his or her own;

(d) The preparation of the child for responsible life in a

free

society,

in

the

spirit

of

understanding,

peace,

tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all

peoples,

ethnic,

national

and

religious

groups

and

persons of indigenous origin;

(e)

The

development

of

respect

for

the

natural

environment.

2. No part of the present article or article 28 shall be

construed so as to interfere with the liberty of individuals

and

bodies

to

establish

and

direct

educational

institutions, subject always to the observance of the

principle set forth in paragraph 1 of the present article

and to the requirements that the education given in such

institutions shall conform to such minimum standards as

may be laid down by the State.

ARTICLE 30

In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic

minorities or persons of indigenous origin exist, a child

belonging to such a minority or who is indigenous shall

not

be

denied

the right, in community with other

members of his or her group, to enjoy his or her own

culture, to profess and practise his or her own religion, or

to use his or her own language.

ARTICLE 31

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to rest and

leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities

appropriate to the age of the child and to participate

freely in cultural life and the arts.

2. States Parties shall respect and promote the right of

the child to participate fully in cultural and artistic life and

shall encourage the provision of appropriate and equal

opportunities for cultural, artistic, recreational and leisure

activity.

ARTICLE 32

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to be

protected

from

economic

exploitation

and

from

performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to

interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to

the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or

social development.

2. States Parties shall take legislative, administrative,

social

and

educational

measures

to

ensure

the

implementation of the present article. To this end, and

having

regard

to

the

relevant

provisions

of

other

international

instruments,

States

Parties

shall

in

particular:

(a) Provide for a minimum age or minimum ages for

admission to employment;

(b) Provide for appropriate regulation of the hours and

conditions of employment;

(c) Provide for appropriate penalties or other sanctions to

ensure the effective enforcement of the present article.

ARTICLE 33

States

Parties

shall

take

all

appropriate

measures,

including

legislative,

administrative,

social

and

educational measures, to protect children from the illicit

use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as

defined in the relevant international treaties, and to

prevent the use of children in the illicit production and

trafficking of such substances.

ARTICLE 34

States Parties undertake to protect the child from all

forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these

purposes,

States

Parties

shall

in

particular

take

all

appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures

to prevent:

(a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in

any unlawful sexual activity;

(b) The exploitative use of children in prostitution or other

unlawful sexual practices;

(c)

The

exploitative use of children in pornographic

performances and materials.

ARTICLE 35

States Parties shall take all appropriate national, bilateral

and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of,

the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any

form.

ARTICLE 36

States Parties shall protect the child against all other

forms of exploitation prejudicial to any aspects of the

child's welfare.

ARTICLE 37

States Parties shall ensure that:

(a) No child shall be subjected to torture or other cruel,

inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Neither

capital

punishment

nor

life

imprisonment

without

possibility

of

release

shall

be

imposed

for

offences

committed by persons below eighteen years of age;

(b) No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty

unlawfully

or

arbitrarily.

The

arrest,

detention

or

imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the

law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and

for the shortest appropriate period of time;

(c) Every child deprived of liberty shall be treated with

humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the

human person, and in a manner which takes into account

the needs of persons of his or her age. In particular, every

child deprived of liberty shall be separated from adults

unless it is considered in the child's best interest not to do

so and shall have the right to maintain contact with his or

her family through correspondence and visits, save in

exceptional circumstances;

(d) Every child deprived of his or her liberty shall have the

right to prompt access to legal and other appropriate

assistance, as well as the right to challenge the legality of

the deprivation of his or her liberty before a court or other

competent, independent and impartial authority, and to a

prompt decision on any such action.

ARTICLE 38

1. States Parties undertake to respect and to ensure

respect

for

rules

of

international

humanitarian

law

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