Section 158p. 158

PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW COMPENDIUM VOLUME II

9. Subparagraph

2(c)

does

not

cover

measures

of

a

Member which limit inputs for the supply of services.

10. Specific commitments assumed under this Article shall

not be construed to require any Member to compensate

for any inherent competitive disadvantages which result

from the foreign character of the relevant services or

service suppliers.

11. With respect to agreements on the avoidance of double

taxation which exist on the date of entry into force of the

WTO Agreement, such a matter may be brought before

the Council for Trade in Services only with the consent of

both parties to such an agreement.

12. Where the service is not supplied directly by a juridical

person but through other forms of commercial presence

such as a branch or a representative office, the service

supplier

(i.e.

the

juridical

person)

shall, nonetheless,

through

such

presence

be

accorded

the

treatment

provided for service suppliers under the Agreement. Such

treatment shall be extended to the presence through

which the service is supplied and need not be extended

to any other parts of the supplier located outside the

territory where the service is supplied.

13. The sole fact of requiring a visa for natural persons of

certain Members and not for those of others shall not be

regarded as nullifying or impairing benefits under a

specific commitment.

14. This

paragraph is understood to mean that each

Member shall ensure that the obligations of this Annex

are

applied

with

respect

to

suppliers

of

public

telecommunications transport networks and services by

whatever measures are necessary.

15. The term "non-discriminatory" is understood to refer to

most-favoured-nation and national treatment as defined

in the Agreement, as well as to reflect sector-specific

usage of the term to mean "terms and conditions no less

favourable than those accorded to any other user of like

public

telecommunications

transport

networks

or

services under like circumstances."

(General Agreement on Trade in Services)

Florence Agreement on the Importation

of Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Materials

June 17, 1950

FLORENCE AGREEMENT ON THE IMPORTATION OF

EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL MATERIALS

PREAMBLE

The contracting States,

ARTICLE I

1. The contracting States undertake not to apply customs

duties or other charges on, or in connection with, the

importation of:

a. Books, publications and documents, listed in Annex A

to this Agreement;

b. Educational, scientific and cultural materials, listed in

Annexes B, C, D and E to this Agreement;

which are the products of another contracting States,

subject to the conditions laid down in those annexes.

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not

prevent any contracting State from levying on imported

materials; IaCHTS

a. Internal taxes or any other international charges of any

kind, imposed at the time of importation or subsequently,

not exceeding those applied directly or indirectly to like

domestic products;

b. Fees and charges, other than customs duties, imposed

by governmental authorities on, or in connection with,

importation, limited in amount to the approximate cost of

the

services

rendered,

and

representing

neither

an

indirect protection to domestic products nor a taxation of

imports for revenue purposes.

ARTICLE II

1.

The

contracting

States

undertake

to

grant

the

necessary

licences

and/or

foreign

exchange

for

the

importation of the following articles:

a. Books and publications consigned to public libraries

and collections and to the libraries and collections of

public, educational, research or cultural institutions;

b.

Official

government

publications,

that

is,

official,

parliamentary and administrative documents published

in their country of origin;

c. Books and publications of the United Nations or any of

its Specialized Agencies;

d. Books and publications received by the United Nations,

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and

distributed free of charge by it or under its supervision;

e. Publications intended to promote tourist travel outside

the country of importation, sent and distributed free of

charge;

f. Articles for the blind:

i. Books, publications and documents of all kinds in raised

characters for the blind;

ii. Other articles specially designed for the educational,

scientific or cultural advancement of the blind, which are

imported

directly

by

institutions

or

organizations

concerned with the welfare of the blind, approved by the

competent authorities of the importing country for the

purpose of duty-free entry of these types of articles.

2.

The

contracting

States

which at any time apply

quantitative restrictions and exchange control measures

undertake to grant, as far as possible, foreign exchange

and licences necessary for the importation of other

educational,

scientific

or

cultural

materials,

and

particularly the materials referred to in the annexes to this

Agreement.

ARTICLE III

1. The contracting States undertake to give every possible

facility to the importation of educational, scientific or

cultural materials, which are imported exclusively for

showing

at

a

public

exhibition

approved

by

the

competent authorities of the importing country and for

subsequent re-exportation. These facilities shall include

the granting of the necessary licences and exemption

from customs duties and internal taxes and charges of all

kinds

payable

on

importation,

other

than fees and

charges

corresponding

to

the

approximate

cost

of

services rendered. EACIaT

2. Nothing in this article shall prevent the authorities of an

importing country from taking such steps as may be

necessary to ensure that the materials in question shall

be re-exported at the close of their exhibition.

ARTICLE IV

The contracting States undertake that they will as far as

possible:

a. Continue their common efforts to promote by every

means the free circulation of educational, scientific or

cultural materials, and abolish or reduce any restrictions

to that free circulation which are not referred to in this

Agreement;

b. Simplify the administrative procedure governing the

importation of educational, scientific or cultural materials;

c. Facilitate the expeditious and safe customs clearance of

educational, scientific or cultural materials.

ARTICLE V

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the right of

contracting States to take measures, in conformity with

their legislation, to prohibit or limit the importation, or

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