Article 24Act No. 3815, Sec./Art. 24

Measures of prevention or safety which are not considered penalties.-The following shall not be considered as penalties:

1. The arrest and temporary detention of accused persons, as well as their detention by reason of insanity or imbecility, or illness requiring their confinement in a hospital.

2. The commitment of a minor to any of the institutions mentioned in article 80 and for the purposes specified therein.

3. Suspension from the employment or public office during the trial or in order to institute proceedings.

4. Fines and other corrective measures which, in the exercise of their administrative or disciplinary powers, superior officials may impose upon their subordinates.

5. Deprivation of rights and the reparations which the civil laws may establish in penal form.

CHAPTER TWO

CLASSIFICATION OF PENALTIES

REVISED PENAL CODE TEXT AND SPECIAL PENAL LAWS

6. Making any alteration or intercalation in a genuine

document which changes its meaning;

7.

Issuing

in

an

authenticated

form

a

document

purporting to be a copy of an original document when no

such

original

exists,

or including in such a copy a

statement contrary to, or different from, that of the

genuine original; or

8. Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the

issuance thereof in a protocol, registry, or official book.

The

same

penalty

shall

be

imposed

upon

any

ecclesiastical

minister who shall commit any of the

offenses enumerated in the preceding paragraphs of this

article, with respect to any record or document of such

character that its falsification may affect the civil status of

persons.

Article 172. Falsification by private individual and use of

falsified documents. - The penalty of prision correccional

in its medium and maximum periods and a fine of not

more

than

One

million

pesos

(P1,000,000)

shall be

imposed upon:

1. Any private individual who shall commit any of the

falsifications enumerated in the next preceding article in

any public or official document or letter of exchange or

any other kind of commercial document; and

2. Any person who, to the damage of a third party, or with

the intent to cause such damage, shall in any private

document

commit

any

of

the

acts

of

falsification

enumerated in the next preceding article.

Any person who shall knowingly introduce in evidence in

any judicial proceeding or to the damage of another or

who, with the intent to cause such damage, shall use any

of the false documents embraced in the next preceding

article, or in any of the foregoing subdivisions of this

article, shall be punished by the penalty next lower in

degree.

Article 173. Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and

telephone messages, and use of said falsified messages. -

The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and

maximum periods shall be imposed upon officer or

employee

of

the

Government

or

of

any

private

corporation or concern engaged in the service of sending

or receiving wireless, cable or telephone message who

utters

a

fictitious

wireless,

telegraph

or

telephone

message of any system or falsifies the same.

Any person who shall use such falsified dispatch to the

prejudice of a third party or with the intent of cause such

prejudice, shall suffer the penalty next lower in degree.

Section Five. - Falsification of medical certificates,

certificates of merit or services and the like.

Article 174. False medical certificates, false certificates of

merits or service, etc. - The penalties of arresto mayor in

its

maximum

period

to

prision

correccional

in

its

minimum period and a fine not to exceed Two hundred

thousand pesos (P200,000) shall be imposed upon:

1. Any physician or surgeon who, in connection, with the

practice of his profession, shall issue a false certificate;

and

2. Any public officer who shall issue a false certificate of

merit of service, good conduct or similar circumstances.

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any

private person who shall falsify a certificate falling within

the classes mentioned in the two preceding subdivisions.

Article 175. Using false certificates. - The penalty of

arresto menor shall be imposed upon any one who shall

knowingly use any of the false certificates mentioned in

the next preceding article.

Section Six. - Manufacturing, importing and possession of

instruments or implements intended for the commission

of falsification.

Article

176.

Manufacturing

and

possession

of

instruments or implements for falsification. - The penalty

of prision correccional in its medium and maximum

periods and a fine not to exceed One million pesos

(P1,000,000) shall be imposed upon any person who shall

make or introduce into the Philippines any stamps, dies,

marks, or other instruments or implements intended to

be

used

in

the

commission

of

the

offenses

of

counterfeiting or falsification mentioned in the preceding

sections of this Chapter. Any person who, with the

intention of using them, shall have in his possession any

of the instruments or implements mentioned in the

preceding paragraphs, shall suffer the penalty next lower

in degree than that provided therein.

Chapter Two OTHER FALSITIES

Section One. - Usurpation of authority, rank, title, and

improper use of names, uniforms and insignia.

Article 177. Usurpation of authority or official functions. -

Any person who shall knowingly and falsely represent

himself to be an officer, agent or representative of any

department or agency of the Philippine Government or of

any foreign government, or who, under pretense of

official position, shall perform any act pertaining to any

person in authority or public officer of the Philippine

Government or any foreign government, or any agency

thereof, without being lawfully entitled to do so, shall

suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its minimum

and medium periods.

Article 178. Using fictitious name and concealing true

name. - The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not to

exceed One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) shall be

imposed upon any person who shall publicly use a

fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime,

evading the execution of a judgment or causing damage.

Any person who conceals his true name and other

personal circumstances shall be punished by arresto

menor or a fine not to exceed Forty thousand pesos

(P40,000).

Article 179. Illegal use of uniforms or insignia. - The

penalty of arresto mayor shall be imposed upon any

person who shall publicly and improperly make use of

insignia, uniforms or dress pertaining to an office not held

by such person or to a class of persons of which he is not

a member.

Section Two. - False testimony

Article 180. False testimony against a defendant. - Any

person

who

shall

give

false

testimony

against

the

defendant in any criminal case shall suffer:

1. The penalty of reclusion temporal, if the defendant in

said case shall have been sentenced to death;

2. The penalty of prision mayor, if the defendant shall

have been sentenced to reclusion temporal or reclusion

perpetua;

3. The penalty of prision correccional, if the defendant

shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty;

and

4. The penalty of arresto mayor , if the defendant shall

have been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine,

or shall have been acquitted.

In cases provided in subdivisions 3 and 4 of this article the

offender shall further suffer a fine not to exceed Two

hundred thousand pesos (P200,000).

Article 181. False testimony favorable to the defendants. -

Any person who shall give false testimony in favor of the

defendant in a criminal case, shall suffer the penalties of

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24 of 201